A comparison argument (or contrast, but not both) between a limited Research Paper - 1

A correlation contention (or difference, however not both) between a restricted part of the Viet Nam Conflict and our Conflict in Afghanistan(you need to picked a constrained viewpoint that you are intrested in) - Research Paper Example In spite of the fact that the Afghan war is as yet going on and thus, the outcomes of the war can't be totally looked at; yet since the end is anticipated to happen sooner rather than later, an examination can be attracted as for the demolition and misfortunes militarily and strategically. This paper, while reflecting upon the foundation of the Vietnamese and Afghan wars, will draw correlations among them and spread the causes and outcomes that a shocking war achieves with it. At first, the United States had little enthusiasm for Vietnam. Be that as it may, as it turned out to be evident that the post-World War II world would be commanded by the US and its partners just as the Soviet Union and its battling accomplices, disengaging socialist developments took an expanded significance in America’s eyes. These worries were eventually molded into the teaching of regulation and domino hypothesis. The move towards control distinguished that the objective of socialism was to spread to entrepreneur states and as indicated by America, the best way to stop it was to â€Å"contain† it inside its current fringes. Besides, emerging from control was the idea of domino hypothesis, which expressed that in the event that one state in an area were to tumble to socialism, at that point the encompassing states would definitely fall too. These ideas constrained US to engage in the Vietnam struggle. In 1950, to battle the spread of socialism, the United States sta rted providing the French military in Vietnam with guides and subsidizing its endeavors against the â€Å"red† Viet Minh (Hickman). As indicated by an American senior writer, with the underlying target of vanquishing al-Qaeda to a great extent accomplished, and the most recent objective of attracting the Taliban into a force sharing arrangement far off, the primary explanation the U.S. is still at war in Afghanistan is dormancy, and not for intelligent reasons. This is on the grounds that the American military metal needs to show that its counter-insurrection hypotheses work and â€Å"they are amazing speculations created by great

Comments on BP 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remarks on BP 3 - Essay Example The organization will re-appropriate a portion of its tasks and will go into an agreement with the site improvement organization so as to concoct appealing site. The group has successfully characterized and expounded immeasurably significant components and prepared associated with the activity and exchange. The group has additionally incorporated the components of client care and client relationship the executives so as to ensure that the high client esteem is given to all clients. The organization will likewise utilize internet based life strategies so as to advertise and advance the site and draw in more rush hour gridlock. The plan of action of the organization is bit entangled as it includes a few virtual connections and accomplices. Be that as it may, the plan of action canvas gave by the group in the addendum has made it simpler to fathom the total connections and associations among exceedingly significant accomplices and furthermore has clarified plainly how the business will work. In conclusion, the group has had the option to ascertain the expense behind the entire plan of action and has remembered exceptionally significant expenses and costs for request to concoct progressively practical figures. The significant quality of this strategy is the trying of the item at the objective market before propelling it. This will permit the organization to concoct the last item which agrees with the necessities and requests of the clients and there will be generally less odds of dismissal or disappointment. All the criticisms and remarks created because of this pre-dispatch testing will be utilized by the organization so as to improve the last item. This testing additionally permitted the organization to distinguish the most productive objective fragment. The organization depends on substantial contribution from the clients and devises techniques in like manner. This, thusly, will permit expanding the customers’ fulfillment and drawing in more clients. The fundamental thought behind the entire business is to give the eating items to the clients on portable trucks and vehicles. This will permit the organization

What You Need to Know About Nicotine Lozenges

What You Need to Know About Nicotine Lozenges Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Using Nicotine Lozenges for Quitting Smoking Guidelines for Using This Smoking Quit Aid By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on October 22, 2019 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD Updated on January 02, 2020 Verywell / Gary Ferster More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery The nicotine lozenge is a  nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that comes in the form of a small, candy-like, sugar-free tablet in flavors like cinnamon, fruit, and mint. When a nicotine lozenge is placed in the mouth and allowed to dissolve over the course of 20 to 30 minutes, nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream, relieving short-term cravings to smoke.?? You cannot smoke while using nicotine lozenges, so many people use them as a quit aid, though there are many things you should know and understand about these lozenges before using them to help you quit smoking. Pros and Cons Nicotine lozenges offer smokers trying to quit and ex-smokers quick relief from cravings that are part of nicotine withdrawal. However, they are not a fail-safe solution. Lozenges should only be used on an as-needed basis, but since they are similar to candyâ€"both in taste and formâ€"the potential to abuse this quit aid is significant. While you dont need a doctors prescription for nicotine lozenges, they are a serious over-the-counter medication that must be used exactly as directed and you need to carefully wean yourself off of them in the amount of time suggested.?? Brands and Strengths Brand names associated with the nicotine lozenge include Commit, Nicorette, and Nicorette Mini Lozenge; all of these brands are made by GlaxoSmithKline and are available in the following strengths:?? The Commit and Nicorette lozenges are available in two strengths: 2mg and 4mgThe Nicorette Mini lozenge is also available in 2mg and 4mg strengths, but is smaller in size and dissolves up to three times faster than regular Nicorette lozenges Using Nicotine Lozenges You can choose the correct lozenge strength by knowing when your first cigarette of the day is or was smoked and following these guidelines:?? 4mg nicotine lozenges if the first cigarette is/was smoked within 30 minutes of waking2mg nicotine lozenges if the first cigarette is/was smoked 30 minutes or more after waking Nicotine lozenges should be used in the following dosages: Weeks 1â€"6: One lozenge every 1 to 2 hoursWeeks 7â€"9: One lozenge every 2 to 4 hoursWeeks 10â€"12: One lozenge every 4 to 8 hours Do not use more than five lozenges in 6 hours or 20 lozenges in a 24-hour period, and you should stop using nicotine lozenges by the end of 12 weeks. If you have trouble stopping, consult your doctor. Because acidic foods and beverages can inhibit the absorption of the nicotine through the lining of the mouth, lozenge manufacturers recommend waiting 15 minutes after eating before using a nicotine lozenge. Also, you cannot smoke or use any other NRT while using nicotine lozenges as you run the risk of a nicotine overdose. Side Effects   Side effects that are commonly associated with nicotine lozenge therapy include:?? Sore throatHeartburnNausea/indigestionHiccups If you experience any of the following extreme side effects, stop using the nicotine lozenge and contact your doctor immediately:?? Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitationsSevere throat irritationMouth sores or other problemsSymptoms of nicotine overdose, which may include dizziness, vomiting, confusion, blurred vision, and feeling weak Special Precautions to Consider If any of the following circumstances apply to you, consult your doctor before you begin using nicotine lozenges: You are pregnant. Smoking is harmful to the fetus, so you should try to quit before you get pregnant, if possible. If you are  not able to, its important to work closely with your doctor to safely quit smoking during pregnancy.You are using prescription quit aids such as Chantix or Zyban, or medications for depression or asthma, as dosages may need to be adjusted once you stop smoking.  Smokers metabolize some medications more quickly than non-smokers, so be sure to let your doctor know about all medicines youre taking, including vitamins and supplements.You are allergic to any medicines, foods, or other substances.You have heart disease, high blood pressure, angina, or have had a heart attack.You have diabetes, an overactive thyroid, blood vessel conditions like Brueggers disease, an adrenal gland tumor, or stomach  ulcers.You are on a low sodium diet or have phenylketonuria  (PKU). Nicotine is poisonous, and lozenges may contain enough nicotine to harm children or pets. Store them in a safe place and contact Poison Control at 800-222-1222 in case of an overdose. A Word From Verywell The nicotine lozenge can help you quit smoking, but keep in mind that it is a quit aid, not a miracle worker. The magic for success with smoking cessation lies within you, not a product. Work on developing your resolve to quit smoking one day at a time and be patient. Adding some online support to your quit program will improve the chance of long-term success with smoking cessation. The beauty of online help is that it is available to you 24/7 because people visit from all over the world.   Time, determination, and support will help you kick the habit of smoking. Believe that, believe in yourself, and be willing to do the work it takes to quit. Youll find that you can quit smoking, just as others have.

The Dangers of Alcohol and Alcoholism Essay - 3323 Words

â€Å"For every family that is impacted by drugs, there are another 10 to 15 families impacted by alcohol abuse. Its a pretty big deal. We have a tendency to only look at part of the puzzle.† (Kevin Lewis). As a society we tend to categorize the severity of addiction in a way that drugs are the most dangerous and alcohol being just a problem. Because alcohol addiction can be a slow progressive disease many people don’t see it in the same light as drug addiction. An addiction to drugs is seen as being a more deadly and dangerous issue then that of alcohol because a drug addiction can happen more quickly and can kill more quickly. Alcohol is something that is easy to obtain, something that is found at almost every restaurant. People with an†¦show more content†¦Withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, shakiness, sweating, or anxiety are experienced when there is no alcohol around. Another sign of alcoholism is when a person feels the need to drink greater amounts of a lcohol in order to feel a high because then their body has become reliant on alcohol. Alcoholics build up a tolerance for alcohol where they can consume large amounts each day. They can not just stop drinking because their ability to stop is corrupted by their need to drink. (Haisong 7-14) Several million Americans engage is risky alcohol related behavior every year. These risky behaviors include binge drinking and heavy drinking on a regular basis. Since fifty-three percent of men and women report that one or more close relatives have a drinking problem alcoholism becomes a family disease. It affects the whole family not just the one individual. The Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies at Brown University concluded â€Å"more than half of all adults have a family history of alcoholism or problem drinking and more than nine million children live with a parent dependent on alcohol or illicit drugs†. Alcoholism has also become a community disease because alcoholics are m ore likely to lose productivity at work, get into accidents, and require emergency health care. The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimate that alcoholics cost American taxpayers sixty-seven billion dollars every year inShow MoreRelatedParents Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism916 Words   |  4 PagesRole in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism Alcohol (beverages): beverages which contain ethanol substance, this substance cause a person become drunk (e.g. beer, whiskey). (W. Merriam Corporation, 2011) Definition of alcoholism †¢ According to mayo clinic, alcoholism is an inability to control the desire to consume alcoholic beverages. The desire will always lead to serious condition, because the person who drinks alcohol does not know if he/she drinks too much. (Mayoclinic,Read MoreThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy The hazardous dangers of alcoholism during pregnancy have been known for decades. However, even with the vast information given to pregnant mothers, with labeled warnings on every alcoholic beverage, pregnant women still continue to pick up the bottle of alcohol, continuing their journey to the destruction of their bodies and the road of dangers for the unborn child. Perhaps every person who has little to no knowledge in healthRead MoreA Research Study On Prevention1432 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities of San Juan County work together to educate the youth early and de-romanticize the drinking experience by having Al anon speakers, speak about the dangers. Real life experiences are proven to hold a greater impact on an audience rather than just some literature. There are 37 states so far to require some sort of drug and alcohol prevention in the classrooms. Although in theory this is a good idea, lack of resources and teacher education on the subject cause the idea to fall short. In aRead MoreWhat are the Causes of Alcholism and How Can We Prevent It? Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history alcohol has been a common drink in social and celebration environments. However in today’s society it is easily accessible, very cheap, and advertised on every channel available. Alcohol has taken over our society, from teenagers to seniors, everyone is exposed to the culture o f drinking. That is not the issue though, the issue is in today’s society gluttony is a common virtue and many people take drinking beyond social and celebration environments. Many Americans suffer from aRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Brain And Body866 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol causes many psychological and physiological problems in heavy drinkers and light drinkers alike. A few well-known consequences of alcohol on the brain and body have been proven. This includes: cognitive mood and memory disturbances, injury to the gastrointestinal and intestinal tracts, and injury to cardiovascular, all of the body’s normal functions. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a growing problem. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when expectant mothers drink during pregnancy. This condition afflictsRead MoreAlcohol Dependence Syndrome Threatens And Affects The Individual, Family Life And Society769 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol dependence syndrome threatens and affects the individual, fami ly life and society in numerous, adverse ways. It is characterized by the physical desire to consume alcohol beyond the capacity of control and is considered a chronic disease. Alcoholism is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015), despite all the focus on illegal drugs of abuse such as cocaine, alcohol remains the number one drug problem in theRead MoreA Brief Note On Lowering The Drinking Age875 Words   |  4 PagesThesis: Lowering the drinking age would cause greater brain damage, an increase in alcoholism rates, and will increase the amount of alcohol-related traffic accidents. Lowering the drinking age will damage the teenagers’s still -developing brain. Different sections of the brain develop at different times. The human brain is not fully developed until the mid-twenties. The use of alcohol before full development can cause many issues down the road. â€Å"The brain’s frontal lobes are important for planningRead MoreAlcoholism : A Social Issue Aspect1535 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism in a social issue aspect 1. Introduction In todays society there has been a huge controversial issue, on college campuses specifically, about drinking. Administrators, staff, volunteers, and even students have attempted to reduce the amount of usage of the consumption of alcohol or stop it once and for all. Some students’ use drinking in way to cease stress, to promote the feeling in power, or to branch out and socialize, but the outcome of it is not something to be hyped up about.Read MoreTeenage Alcoholism1078 Words   |  5 Pages1. According to statistics on alcoholism and alcohol abuse statistics, even though alcohol has been used in a number of diverse ways. a. Throughout history these ways can be called useful, however, known thousands of years ago that abusive and excessive drinking led to negative outcomes and adverse alcohol side effects. b. The symptoms associated with this are mostly societal and personal problems. 2. Research studies have shown that teenage alcoholism is correlated to the age at which teensRead MoreAlcohol Abuse : The Unfriendly Substance1213 Words   |  5 Pages Alcohol Abuse: The Unfriendly Substance Madison Fulp North Carolina AT State University Ms. Platt BIOL 100- Section 8 10/3/2015 (Fall) Is alcohol abuse real? This is the question many Americans ask themselves when alcohol intake is in effect. â€Å"Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream† (â€Å"Alcohol†, 2014, para.1). While alcohol abuse is a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder characterized by a maladaptive

Timeline from 1820 to 1830

Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1820: Harriet Tubman is believed to have been born about 1820. As was the case with many slaves, the date of her birth was thought unimportant and was not recorded.January 24, 1820: Henry J. Raymond, political activist, journalist, and founder of the New York Times, was born in Livingston County, New York.January 29, 1820: George IV became the King of England upon the death of George III.February 8, 1820: William Tecumseh Sherman, Union general in the Civil War, was born in Lancaster, Ohio.February 15, 1820: Susan B. Anthony, leader of the American suffrage movement, was born in Adams, Massachusetts.March 1820: The Missouri Compromise became law in the United States. The landmark legislation effectively pushed the issue of slavery aside for the next few decades.March 22, 1820: American naval hero Stephen Decatur was fatally wounded in a duel fought near Washington, D.C.May 12, 1820: Florence Nightingale, English nurse and reformer, was born in Italy.September 26, 1820: American frontiersma n Daniel Boone died in Missouri at the age of 85. He had pioneered the Wilderness Road, which led many settlers westward to Kentucky.October 6, 1820: Jenny Lind, whose American tour was a sensation promoted by Phineas T. Barnum in 1850, was born in Sweden.November 1820: James Monroe faced virtually no opposition and was reelected president of the United States. 1821: February 22, 1821: The Adams-Onis Treaty, by which the United States obtained Florida, went into effect.March 4, 1821: James Monroe was sworn in for his second term as president of the United States.May 5, 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte died in exile on the island of St. Helena.July 24, 1821: Bill Poole, who became notorious as Bill the Butcher, was born in New Jersey.September 3, 1821: A devastating hurricane struck New York City, and the study of its path would lead to the understanding of rotating storms.October 17, 1821: Photographer Alexander Gardner was born in Scotland. He would become noteworthy for photographing the dead at Antietam during the Civil War as well as taking notable portraits of President Abraham Lincoln.December 25, 1821: Clara Barton, Civil War nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, was born in Oxford, Massachusetts.A childrens book published in New York City referred to a character named Santeclaus, which may have been the first printed reference to Santa Cla us in the English language.American traders began using the Santa Fe Trail. 1822: April 22, 1822: Ulysses S. Grant, Civil War general and later president of the United States, was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio.April 26, 1822: Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park, was born in Hartford, Connecticut.May 30, 1822: Arrests in Charleston, South Carolina, prevented a slave uprising which had been planned by Denmark Vesey.October 4, 1822: Rutherford B. Hayes, who would become president in the disputed election of 1876, was born in Delaware, Ohio.Charles Babbage designed the â€Å"difference engine,† an early computing machineHieroglyphs were deciphered using the Rosetta Stone.The first group of freed slaves being resettled in Africa by the American Colonization Society arrived in Liberia and founded the town of Monrovia, named for President James Monroe. 1823: April 3, 1823: William Marcy Boss Tweed, the leader of notorious New York political machine Tammany Hall, was born in New York City.December 23, 1823: The poem A Visit From St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore was published in a newspaper in Troy, New York.December 1823: President James Monroe introduced the Monroe Doctrine as part of his annual message to Congress. 1824: January 21, 1824: Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson, Confederate general in the Civil War, was born in Virginia.March 2, 1824: The landmark Supreme Court decision Gibbons v. Ogden ended a monopoly of steamboats in the waters around New York City. The case opened up the steamboat business to competition, which made great fortunes possible for entrepreneurs such as Cornelius Vanderbilt. But the case also established principles regarding interstate commerce which apply to the present day.May 23, 1824: Ambrose Burnside, Civil War general, was born in Indiana.August 14, 1824: The Marquis de Lafayette, French hero of the American Revolution, returned to America for a grand tour. He had been invited by the federal government, which wanted to show off all the progress the nation had made in the 50 years since its founding. Over the course of a year Lafayette visited all 24 states as an honored guest.November 1824: The U.S. presidential election of 1824 was deadlocked with no clear winner and would become known as The Corrupt Bargain.With the controversial election of 1824, a period of American politics known as The Era of Good Feelings came to an end. 1825: February 9, 1825: The election of 1824 was settled by a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams as president. Supporters of Andrew Jackson claimed a Corrupt Bargain had been struck between Adams and Henry Clay.March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as president of the United States.October 26, 1825: The entire length of the Erie Canal was officially opened across New York, from Albany to Buffalo. The engineering feat had been the brainchild of DeWitt Clinton. 1826: January 30, 1826: The Menai Suspension Bridge opened in Wales, ushering in an age of great bridges.July 4, 1826: American songwriter Stephen Foster was born in Pennsylvania.July 4, 1826: John Adams died in Massachusetts and Thomas Jefferson died in Virginia, on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Their deaths left Charles Carroll of Carrollton as the last surviving singer of the nations founding document.December 3, 1826: George B. McClellan, Civil War general and commander of Union forces at the Battle of Antietam, was born in Philadelphia.Josiah Holbrook founded the American Lyceum Movement in Massachusetts.Irish immigrant John Hughes, future archbishop and political force in New York, was ordained a priest. 1827: March 26, 1827: Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria, at the age of 56.August 12, 1827: English poet and artist William Blake died in London, England at the age of 69.Artist John James Audubon published the first volume of Birds of America. 1828: February 8, 1828: Writer Jules Verne was born in France.Summer-Fall 1828: The election of 1828  was preceded by perhaps the dirtiest campaign ever, with supporters of Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams hurling shocking accusations.November 1828: Andrew Jackson was elected president of the United States. 1829: March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as president of the United States, and raucous supporters nearly wreck the White House.Cornelius Vanderbilt began operating his own fleet of steamboats in New York Harbor.Religious freedom increased in Ireland, thanks to the Catholic Emancipation movement of Daniel O’ConnellThe Metropolitan Police Service was founded in London, England, with its headquarters at Scotland Yard. Decade By Decade: 1800-1810 | 1810-1820 | 1830-1840 | 1840-1850 | 1850-1860 | 1860-1870 | 1870-1880 | 1880-1890 | 1890-1900 | The Civil War Year By Year

Factors Affecting Psychological Pressures on High School Students Free Essays

The many pressures of high school can have various effects on students. Depending on the student and their lifestyle, the effects can be either positive or negative. There are many aspects that have an affect on a student†s performance in school. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Psychological Pressures on High School Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the factors include home life, social life, academic life and after school life. The entirety of their time management and decisions has the most affect on their performance (Katz 11). At home, a student goes through many different circumstances that their peers and teachers may be unaware of. For example, if a student has divorced parents, this will play a key role in determining how they perform in school. Alcoholic and abusive parents are also sometimes a factor. Often, students with a rough home life will perform at a lower level in school due to the other things they are going through at home. On the other hand, often an abused teen will put more effort into their schoolwork in order to fulfill needs of self-satisfaction that are not being met at home (Pickett 14). Often teens with older siblings perform better in school. Studies show that the younger children do better in high school. This is most often attributed to the fact that they have seen what high school students go through and have learned from their siblings mistakes as well as achievements. Though the criteria for graduating high school and the individual courses are becoming more difficult each year, younger siblings seem to improve over their older brothers and sisters (Katz 11). The social life plays a big role in high school life. It is often difficult for a student to balance the many aspects of high school life and often they go overboard with either social or academic obligations (Childress 618). The friends that a teen keeps will play a major role in determining how the student will perform in school. Their friends will determine how much and what type of peer pressure the student is submitted to. There are two types of peer pressure. The first type, and most common is negative peer pressure. With this type of peer pressure, the teen will be pressured to participate in many negative acts. This may include, but not be limited to, drugs, alcohol, skipping school, cheating and putting down other students (Kate 11). The second type of peer pressure is positive peer pressure. With this type of peer pressure the teen is influenced to do things such as strive for good grades and participate in other positive activities (Katz 12). Parties are a common part of the teen life today. Often, teenage parties will include negative influences, however it is not difficult for a student to avoid such situations if they just have strong morals (Katz 11). A teen†s social life may also include a job. Working teens are becoming more and more common. The need to feel accepted by peers and have the â€Å"right† clothes and car are major influences in this. Teens may also elect to keep a job to help with family financial difficulties or just to keep them busy (Katz 12). Academic life is the most crucial part of the high school experience. How they perform in high school will dictate what kind of college they will attend. It is important for students to have a well-rounded social life while still performing well in their academics. The last two years of high school are the most important. This is when the teen should be preparing to enter college and take things more seriously. However, this is usually opposite of what happens (Childress 617). If a teen can balance a healthy social life while still performing well academically, they usually will be able to do the same in college and life. Extra-curricular activities occupy much of a teen†s life. What they do to participate in other school-sponsored activities will take up a lot of their time. This can be solved by only selecting activities that will add to their learning experience (Childress 616). The life a teen takes on after school each day is very important in understanding their life in general. They may participate in sports and clubs that will use up much of their time (Kruse 6). Football is a major sport that is taken very seriously in high school (Wahl 92). The competition in high school sports is enough to take some athlete†s minds off their schoolwork. Rival schools games against each other often will tear the entire school away from academics the week prior to the game (Guss 10). Clubs are also a big part of teen†s life. Often they participate for fun and other times just for looks of it on college applications. However, if a student overloads on clubs and other after school activities, their academics may suffer. In its entirety, a teenager†s life is very hectic. They have many stresses and pressures to deal with each day. It is in it†s own, a major accomplishment just to make it through high school and on to college. With the pressures being put on teens to succeed growing each day, each goal met in school, is a victory in itself. The different aspects of the teen†s life all have an effect on the outcome of their performance in school. To some, high school is like a big game. Each move made is a crucial decision towards the outcome of life. When one focuses on only one part of the teen†s life, it is impossible to make any conclusion about their lifestyle. In the game of a teen†s life, maybe Maurice Freeman put it best when saying, â€Å"We†ve got to win. † (Person 12) How to cite Factors Affecting Psychological Pressures on High School Students, Essay examples

Philosophy Essay Example

Philosophy Essay DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Part A 1. A disagreement is the failure to convene on an opinion presented by a person or group. An argument, on the other hand, is the presentation of opposing views on a particular subject matter. A formal argument is presented in an ordered series of statements called premises that lead to a conclusion. A disagreement is not a prerequisite for an argument. It does provide an incentive for an argument by giving two differing positions on a subject. An argument may exist to analyze the validity of widely accepted concepts further or for intellectual jousting purposes. The existence of two or more people in an argument is not necessary, but it provides differing views that may further the argument. A single person may take different stances on the same topic. 2. An explanation is a statement or a number of statements aimed at providing a clearer understanding of certain facts. An argument seeks to prove that a certain statement is true based of factual premises. This means the argument purposes to contribute knowledge in a given subject. If two people, A and B, address the issue of whether or not a third person, C is sleepy, they may refer to the fact hat he is dosing. This is an argument based on the premise that C is dosing and people dose when they are sleepy. However, if A and B agree on it, they may what to know why C is dosing and hence propose an explanation that C is exhausted from working in the hot weather. The difference is that they both what to show why a case is true. 3. A deductive argument is one that derives a conclusion from a set of premises that arrive logically at a certain conclusion. It directly links the premises presented with the conclusion. If the premises are true, then it follows that the conclusion is true by logical necessity. Validity is determined by the condition that a conclusion is logically evoked by its premises considering each step of the argument is logical. A deductive argument is valid if and only if a true conclusion is drawn from the premises, whatever they may be. It means that an argument can be valid even though the premises are false. An example of a valid deductive argument: Everyone who eats chips is overweight. James eats chips. Therefore, James is overweight. The first premise is false because there are people who eat chips but are not overweight. The conclusion is true because it is derived from the premises. This is a valid deductive argument. 4. The quality of validity, as far as deductive arguments are concerned, relates the conclusion arrived at to the premises to judge whether true or false. If the conclusion is true based on the premises, then the argument is valid irrespective of whether or not the premises are true. Conversely, inductive arguments only state the probability of a conclusion being true based on the premises put forth. This gives the inductive its quality of strength based on the degree of probability. Another noteworthy difference between the two types of arguments is that, in an inductive argument, the conclusion may be false despite the premises being true. 5. The argument follows the structure: If P, then Q. When Q happens, the conclusion is made that P is true. This is an invalid argument since the conclusion is false. Not all other possibilities have been excluded to the exception of P. As long as the conclusion of a deductive argument is false, the argument is rendered invalid. A counterexample of the given example is: Miami is in the USA. Sam lives in the USA. Therefore, Sam lives in Miami. The above argument is invalid because the conclusion is false even though the premises are true. 6. A dilemma is a problem that offers two solutions, neither of which is desirable. A common example of such a situation is depicted when one encounters a homeless person asking for change: Either the change will help the person or not. Giving them change may lead to dependency. Denying them change may result in them sleeping hungry. Therefore, dependency or hunger will result from giving change. There are several solutions to a dilemma. The analogy of â€Å"being on the horns of the dilemma† is used to refer to the person facing a dilemma as it is akin to facing a charging bull. The outcome – impalement – is undesirable. The first involves grasping the first horn, which means giving the person the change to prevent the risk of them going hungry. Grasping the second horn means denying the person change to prevent dependency. The other option of going between the horns would be to ignore the request for change hence, avoiding both outcomes. Charging the bull involves changing strategy, resulting in a proactive approach to the dilemma. Other solutions to this dilemma can be broached, such as finding employment for the person to provide sustenance and eliminate dependency. 7. The argument is weak because the conclusion of an inductive argument is probabilistic, that is, given certain premises, the conclusion is probable. The given argument is an example of a weak inductive argument. To turn it into a strong inductive argument would entail changing the conclusion drawn from the premises: I have observed five crows today. All five crows were black. Therefore, there is a probability that most crows are black. The change in the framing of the conclusion changes it to a strong inductive statement because chances are that not all crows are black. Five crows are a small number on which to base an argument. They are not a representative of the entire crow population. The argument is strong because the likelihood that the conclusion is true is higher. 8. Modus ponens is an argument form that follows the structure: if P implies Q and P are true, then Q is true. An example is: If it is sunny, then I will go for a swim. It is sunny. Therefore, I will go for a swim. The fallacy ensues from affirming the consequent â€Å"then I will go for a swim† since â€Å"if it is sunny† was not presented as the only sufficient condition of the consequent of the conditional statement. Part B The Apology, correctly Apologia, is a philosophical work that documents Socrates’ trial. The meaning of apologia is a presentation of a case in one’s own defense, which is what Socrates offered the jury and the public that had gathered to take part in his trial. Socrates was accused of being a heretic by not worshiping the deities of that time and misleading the youth in his charge (Plato 2000). As a leading philosopher, Socrates was in charge of the education of the youth of Athens. The people who brought theses charges against him were those slighted by his philosophies. Socrates believed that he was tasked by the gods to enlighten the people of Athens by showing them that the acceptance of ignorance was the beginning of knowledge. As part of his defense, Socrates offered a speech to the Athenians present, seeking to explain his actions from a philosophical standpoint. In his address, he referred to himself as a gadfly poking the lazy horse that was Athens from its slumber. The metaphor referred to Socrates’ calling to investigate on the prevalence of knowledge among the experts on different fields of study. His findings illustrated that those proclaimed experts only pretended to have profound knowledge, but lacked in-depth understanding of their fields of expertise. Socrates went about stirring them into action from the state they had put themselves. The relevance of this metaphor to the role that philosophy to intellectual pursuits is to stir the academicians from a state of contentment with the advances made so far. As a gadfly, philosophy should continuously wake the academicians, ensuring that the inquisition of knowledge is relegated. Philosophy serves to remind that the pursuit of knowledge and understanding should stem from the acceptance of ignorance, contrasted with the arrogance of the Athenians who purported to possess wisdom but on further inquisition by Socrates were proved arrogant in their ignorance. The men in Socrates time were insulted by his inquisitions, which proved their ignorance on matters they professed excellence. Instead of seeing the challenged posed by Socrates’ findings, they were quick to take offence (Plato 2000). The inquiries were viewed as a personal attack by Socrates, and the ‘targets’ instead sought to eliminate Socrates by propagating trumped up charges against him. These charges were proved baseless, but all the same, Socrates was condemned to death. This defensive strategy adopted by the Athenians did not help them in the long term. Constructive criticism is useful to the development of academic fields. As a part of his defense, Socrates mentioned that the unexamined life is not worth living. He referred to his opponents and their objection to his inquiries into their intellectual pursuits. They were opposed to the examination the Socrates carried out into their work and understanding of it. Most were found to lack an understanding of the fields they purported to be experts. Socrates had humiliated them by exposing their ignorance. In their anger, they missed the point of the inquiries Socrates made into their work. An examination of their lives’ work was vital to provide insight into the accomplishments and failures made. This point is relevant to our daily lives. The stocktaking that Socrates mentioned is important to illuminate the advances people make as well as the shortcomings encountered. Organizations carry out this analysis on a regular basis to ensure its survival and growth. This review should not only be restricted to such organizations but also extended to all spheres of life. Without it, there is no account made to the activities carried out on a daily basis. It is philosophically immoral to live a life without introspection, as this is a requirement of any being that possess intelligence and a desire of self-improvement. The only way to ensure constant development and avoid stagnation, such as the lazy horse Socrates described Athens to be, is to set the course of constant introspection and improvement (Plato 2000). As a society and individuals, stagnation arises from arrogance nurtured by perceived excellence. There is so much that the human race is yet to understand; hence, arrogance would be folly. These types of fallacies are cultivated by egos that refuse to accept the limited nature of the human mind verses the limitless universe. There is a lot to be discovered, and even that, which is known, can still be improved. The knowledge of human ignorance is the only key to gain wisdom. Socrates understood the prophecy of the oracle at Delphi to be a riddle as he was considered himself the most ignorant man in Athens. His wisdom, as prophesied by the oracle, lay in his acknowledgement of his ignorance. Socrates was open to learn as opposed to the other distinguished men in Athens who considered themselves masters in their respective fields. Their ignorance lay in their arrogance juxtaposed with Socrates wisdom that lay in his acceptance of ignorance. To truly learn, one must accept the limited knowledge one possess, hence the process of learning will emanate from the quest to eliminate the ignorance. Socrates was a pioneer in the methods used in presentation of arguments. In his trial, the formal arguments he presented served to negate the accusations levied against him by his detractors. He used various methods in his cross-examination of the accusers, for example, Meletus. He backed Meletus into a corner by proving that his allegations of heresy and atheism were unfounded because Meletus accused Socrates of believing in demigods who were sons of gods (Plato 2000). It does not make sense to believe in something but not its progenitor. In his lifetime, Socrates provided philosophies that are still applicable to our lives today and to the future generations.